The Pivotal Role of Computers in Operation Research

During my early studies in Operation Research (OR) more than half a century ago, the advancement of technology had only just begun to surpass basic manual methods. Operations Research, as a discipline, seeks to apply advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. During the 1960s, when I first engaged with OR, the reliance on manual computation for mathematical modeling and simulation left a profound impression on the field's foundational techniques.

Early Challenges and Triumphs

My thesis, a significant part of which revolved around manipulating complex mathematical models and generating data plots through a least squares model, was a testament to the rigorous application of mathematical principles during that era. The CDC 1604 mainframe was the backbone of data crunching, and programming on such systems was more akin to a craft than a science. Despite the challenges, my experience paved the way for a deeper understanding of both numerical methods and the importance of computer-aided modeling.

The Evolution of OR

After obtaining my MS degree, I returned to the Navy, where the absence of computers didn't alter the knowledge I had gained. The algorithms and methodologies I learned, however, were held within my mind. Fast forward to 1986, when I retired and joined a civilian consulting firm, the landscape of OR had transformed dramatically due to the advent and proliferation of computers.

One of my first tasks upon joining was to set up computers for running simulated war games. This job highlighted the immense value of computation in problem-solving and decision-making. The shift from manual to computer-aided methods was not just incremental but revolutionary, as it enabled the solution of complex problems in a fraction of the time and with increased accuracy.

The Impact of Computers on OR

The computer has become an indispensable tool in OR, facilitating the solution of larger and more intricate problems than would be possible by human means. The ability to process vast amounts of data and perform complex simulations in a reasonable timeframe has been transformative. For instance, in a typical OR problem, one might need to optimize a process, model a system, or predict outcomes under various scenarios. The computational power of modern systems allows us to explore a wide range of conditions and variables, leading to more robust and reliable solutions.

Furthermore, advances in data analysis and machine learning through the use of computers have opened up new avenues in OR. Techniques such as linear programming, integer programming, and graph theory have become more efficient and effective, thanks to computational methods. Data analysis in particular has become a cornerstone of OR, providing insights that inform better decision-making in various industries.

Conclusion

While computers have undoubtedly revolutionized the field of Operation Research, their role extends beyond mere computation. They serve as powerful tools to assist our reasoning and modeling efforts. My experience underscores the importance of maintaining a solid foundation in reasoning and modeling, even in the face of advanced computational tools. The future of OR lies at the intersection of traditional analytical methods and modern computational techniques, and it is an exciting time for those who wish to contribute to this evolving discipline.

Keywords: operation research, computer-aided modeling, data analysis, simulation, computational methods