Understanding the Differences Between AK-47 and AK-74

When it comes to recognizing the differences between the AK-47 and AK-74, understanding the specific aspects of their design, ammunition, and performance can be crucial. This article delves into these details, providing a comprehensive guide for identifying and appreciating the nuances between these two iconic Soviet-designed weapons.

The Basics: Caliber and Initial Identification

The key differences between the AK-47 and AK-74 lie in several important features, including caliber, overall weight, and performance. The AK-47 utilizes the 7.62x39 cartridge, while its successor, the AK-74, employs the 5.45x39 round. On a first glance, one of the easiest ways to differentiate the two is to look at the magazine. The AK-74, particularly models produced in the 1980s and 1990s, commonly feature plastic-coated orange magazines, distinct from the silver or black magazines of the AK-47.

Performance Differences

The performance of the AK-47 and AK-74 varies significantly. The AK-47, often referred to as the #39;Akhmatovy-Kalashnikov,#39; weighs slightly over 9 pounds and fires a 7.62 round. It also has an iconic slanted muzzle brake. When fired, it produces a unique sound that is unmistakable. The AK-74, on the other hand, is gas-operated, with a lighter weight of around a couple pounds less than the AK-47, and a lighter, more modernized design. The AK-74 utilizes a redesigned muzzle brake, weighs significantly less, and is capable of firing the 5.56 round, despite being commonly referred to as the 5.45mm. The AK-74's improved ammunition provides superior performance in terms of range and accuracy.

External Differences

The primary external differences between the AK-47 and AK-74 include design choices that directly impact their performance. For instance, the AK-47 employs a rotating bolt system, while the AK-74 features a recoil-operated system. Additionally, the muzzle brake, as a critical component of the weapon, differs between the two, contributing to their distinct sound and function. The AK-74's muzzle brake is more streamlined and effective, leading to a more controlled and responsive weapon.

Performance Metrics and Ballistics

A significant aspect that sets the AK-74 apart from the AK-47 is the ammunition it fires. The AK-74 uses a 5.45x39mm cartridge, which has a muzzle velocity of approximately 2950 fps and a muzzle energy of around 1080 ft/lbs. This ammunition is more efficient and provides greater output compared to the 7.62x39mm cartridge used in the AK-47, which has a muzzle velocity of 2350 fps and a muzzle energy of 1500 ft/lbs. The 5.45mm round not only offers superior in-flight performance but also has the advantage of a higher ballistic coefficient. This means that at 300 meters, the 5.45mm round outperforms the 7.62mm and even the 5.56mm, providing better accuracy and lethality.

Moreover, the 5.45mm round exhibits a unique behavior upon impact. It tends to destabilize after hitting a target, often changing direction erratically, which can lead to horrific wounds. This characteristic has been a notable concern for militaries considering the ethical and humanitarian implications of using such ammunition. However, it is also a reflection of the 5.45mm round's superiority in certain combat situations, particularly where rapid and accurate fire is essential.

It is worth noting that despite these advancements, the AK-74 is not a direct successor to the AK-47. The AKM, a modified version of the AK-47, actually holds the title of the direct lineage for the AK-47.

Conclusion

Whether you are a firearms enthusiast, a comparative study practitioner, or simply someone interested in the nuanced differences between these iconic weapons, understanding the key differences between the AK-47 and AK-74 is essential. From the unique sound of the AK-47 to the superior performance of the AK-74, each weapon has its own merits and historical significance. The AK-47 remains a classic for its reliability and widespread use, while the AK-74 continues to be recognized for its enhanced performance and lighter weight.

Keywords: AK-47, AK-74, weapon differences